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Young's Modulus

where: E = Young's modulus [Nm^-2]; F = applied load [N]; A = cross-sectional area [m²]; x = extension [m]; L = original length [m]



where: ν = Poisson's ratio; K = bulk modulus [Nm^-2]; G = shear modulus [Nm^-2]

Commonly ν = 1/3, and hence E = K, and E = (8/3)G.

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Aluminium	70000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Aluminium Oxide	2.8E11 to 3.7E11	Nm^-2	Clip	Ash	9E9 to 12E9	Nm^-2	Clip
Beech	12000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Birch	13000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Bismuth	32000000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Bone	28000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Brass	100000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Bronze	96E+09 to 120E+09	Nm^-2	Clip
Cast Iron	83E+09 to 170E+09	Nm^-2	Clip	Cedar	7600000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Chestnut	8300000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Concrete	14000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Copper	110E+09 to 120E+09	Nm^-2	Clip	Ebony	19000000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Elm	9E9 to 10E9	Nm^-2	Clip	Fir	11E9 to 13E9	Nm^-2	Clip	Fused Silica	73100000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Glass	80000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Gold	71000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Graphite	170E9 to 340E9	Nm^-2	Clip
Inconel	214000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Iron	110e9 to 206e9	Nm^-2	Clip	Larch	12000000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Magnesium	41000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Magnesium Oxide	207000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Mahogany	10000000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Monel	170000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Nickel	210000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Nylon	2E9 to 3.5E9	Nm^-2	Clip
Oak	11E9 to 12E9	Nm^-2	Clip	Phenolic Resin	3000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Pine	8.3e9 to 12e9	Nm^-2	Clip
Platinum	150000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Polycarbonate	2000000000 to 2400000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin	4000000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Polystyrene	3100000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Polyvinyl Chloride	2.9 to 3.4e9	Nm^-2	Clip	Poplar	10000000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Pyrex Glass	62000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Quartz	7.65e10 to 9.72e10	Nm^-2	Clip	Silver	70000000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Silver Bromide	31970000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Sodium Chloride	39980000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Sodium I Fluoride	79010000000	Nm^-2	Clip
Steel	210000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Titanium	110000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Tungsten	3.40E+11 to 3.80E+11	Nm^-2	Clip
Walnut	11000000000	Nm^-2	Clip	Zinc Sulphide	74500000000	Nm^-2	Clip<

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See also: Dynamic Modulus, Flexural Strength, Mechanical Properties, Secant Modulus of Elasticity, Shear Modulus, Stiffness, Strain, Stress, Stress-Strain Diagram, Torsional Modulus of Elasticity.