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Thermal Conduction The transfer of thermal energy by collisions of the atoms or molecules within a substance. Thermal conductivity varies with temperature, but we will consider it constant in this class. The conductivity of most solids falls with increasing temperature but for most gases it rises with increasing temperature. It is measured by recording the heat flux flowing from surface at temperature T1 to one at T2 in the material, separated by a distance x:
- where
- J = heat flux [Wm-2]
- T1, T2 = temperature at each surface [K]
- x = distance between surfaces [m]
- λ = thermal conductivity [Wm-1K-1]
- In practice, the measurement is not easy (particularly for materials with low conductivities), but reliable data are now generally available.
Click on an item to paste into clipboard or use clipboard symbol at end to clipboard all values | Acetic Acid | 0.18 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Acetone | 0.161 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Acetylene | 0.0184 at STP | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Aluminium | 236 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Aluminium Oxide | 18 to 36 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Ammonia | 0.0218 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Antimony | 25.5 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Argon | 0.0162 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Asbestos | 0.17 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Asphalt | 0.74 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Bakelite | 17 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Balsa Wood | 0.055 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Beeswax | 0.25 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Benzene | 0.14 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Beryllium | 218 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Bismuth | 8.2 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Bitumen | 0.17 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Boron | 32 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Brass | 110 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Bronze | 180 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Cadmium | 97 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Caesium | 36 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Carbon Dioxide | 0.0145 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Carbon Disulphide | 0.144 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Carbon Monoxide | 0.0232 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Carbon Tetrachloride | 0.103 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Cardboard | 0.21 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Cerium | 11 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Charcoal | 0.2 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Chlorine | 0.0072 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Chloroform | 0.121 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Chromium | 96.5 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Chromium Oxide | 9.99 to 32.94 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Cobalt | 105 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Concrete | 0.1 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Copper | 385 to 403 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Cork | 0.05 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Dysprosium | 10.5 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Erbium | 15 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Ethylene | 0.0164 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Fused Silica | 1.38 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Gadolinium | 10 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Gallium | 41 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Glass | 0.04 to 0.8 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Glycerol | 0.27 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Gold | 296 to 319 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Hafnium | 23 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Helium | 0.1415 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Holmium | 16 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Hydrogen | 0.1684 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Hydrogen Sulphide | 0.012 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Indium | 84 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Invar | 10.15 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Iridium | 147 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Iron | 60 to 84 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Kapok | 0.035 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Lanthanum | 13 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Lead | 35 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Lithium | 86 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Lutetium | 17 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Magnesium | 150 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Manganese | 8 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Mercury Hg | 7.96 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Methane | 0.0302 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Methyl Alcohol | 0.201 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Mica | 0.6 to 0.7 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Mineral Wool | 0.04 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Molybdenum | 139 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Monel | 210 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Nickel | 59 to 94 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Niobium | 53 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Nitric Oxide | 0.0238 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Nitrobenzene | 0.16 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Nitrous Oxide | 0.0151 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Nylon | 0.2 to 0.25 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Oak | 0.17 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Olive Oil | 0.17 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Osmium | 88 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Oxygen | 0.0244 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Palladium | 72 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Paper | 0.06 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Paraffin Oil | 0.15 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Paraffin Wax | 0.25 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Plasticine | 0.65 to 0.8 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Platinum | 69 to 72 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Plutonium | 6 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Plywood | 0.125 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin | 0.2 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Polystyrene | 0.08 (Expanded 0.036) | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Polytetrafluoroethylene | 0.3 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Porcelain | 1.5 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Potassium | 104 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Praseodymium | 12 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Quartz | 6.2 to 10.7 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Rhenium | 49 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Rhodium | 151 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Rubidium | 58 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Ruthenium | 117 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Samarium | 13 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Scandium | 16 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Silver | 419 to 428 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Silver Bromide | 1.21 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Silver Sand | 0.3 to 0.4 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Sodium | 142 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Sodium I Fluoride | 3.746 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Stainless Steel | 150 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Steel | 63 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Sulphur Dioxide | 0.0077 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Tantalum | 57 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Technetium | 51 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Terbium | 10.5 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Thallium | 47 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Thorium | 54 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Thulium | 17 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Tin | 65 to 68 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Titanium | 23 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Toluene | 0.134 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Tungsten | 177 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Turpentine | 0.136 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Uranium | 27 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Uranium Oxide | 7.9 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Vanadium | 31 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Water | 0.591 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Wool | 0.05 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Yttrium | 17 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | Zinc | 111 to 117 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Zirconium | 23 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip< |
 paste all data into clipboard See also: Conductor, Heat Flow Rate, Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, Thermal Insulation, Wiedemann-Franz Law.
  
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