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In- In
- Indium is a soft, malleable and ductile metal which is generally unaffected by air or water but is soluble in acids.
- In Phase
- Two periodic waves reaching peaks and going through zero at the same
instant are said to be "in phase."
- in
- An abbreviation of inches, a secondary unit in the British system of units, now replaced by the SI system and the metre.
- Incandescence
- The emission of light due to heat.
- Inches
- A secondary unit in the British system of units, now replaced by the SI system
and the metre.
- Inclinometer
- A gravity device that measures angular position in degrees.
- Included Angle
- The angle made by two sides of a polygon.
- Included Side
- The side between two angles in a polygon.
- Inclusion
- Foreign particle present as an undesirable impurity in a material.
- Inclusive Or
- One or the other, or both.
- Inconel
- A nickel based alloy with good corrosion resistance.
- Inconsistent Linear System
- A system of linear equations is inconsistent if it has no solutions.
- Independent Chuck
- A chuck in which each jaw may be moved independently of the others.
- Index Register
- A microprocessor register that holds part of or all the effective address used by an instruction.
- Indicated Mean Effective Pressure
- During the cycle of an engine useful work is only done on the power stroke.
- Indicator
- A substance that undergoes a sharp, easily observable change when conditions in its solutions change.
- Indicator Diagram
- A plot of pressure vs. volume.
- Indirect Titration
- Determining the concentration of an analyte by reacting it with a known number of moles of excess reagent.
- Indium
- A soft, malleable and ductile metal which is generally unaffected by air or water but is soluble in acids.
- Induced Current
- Current that flows as a result of an Induced EMF.
- Induced Electromotive Force
- Voltage induced in a conductor in a varying magnetic field.
- Induced EMF
- Abbreviation of Induced Electromotive Force, a voltage induced in a conductor in a varying magnetic field.
- Inductance
- The property of an electric circuit to store magnetic energy when carrying a current.
- Induction Brazing
- Bonding is produced by the heat obtained from the resistance of the work to the flow of induced electric current and by using a nonferrous filler metal.
- Induction Hardening
- Quench hardening in which the heat is generated by electrical induction.
- Inductor
- A magnetic device that stores energy in a magnetic field produced by flowing current.
- Inelastic
- A collision or interaction in which kinetic energy is not conserved.
- Inequality
- A relationship between two expressions that are not equal.
- Inert Gas
- A gas which does not normally combine chemically with other elements.
- Inertance
- Inertance is the ratio of an acceleration-like quantity to a force-like quantity when the arguments of the real (or imaginary) parts of quantities increase linearly with time.
- Inertia
- An object's resistance to a change in its velocity.
- Inertial Confinement
- Methods of producing nuclear fusion by compressing a pellet of fuel using a laser, particle beam, or other external driver.
- Inertial Force
- A fictitious force that arises in accelerating (noninertial) reference systems.
- Inertial Mass
- An object′s resistance to a change in its velocity.
- Inertial Reference System
- Any reference system in which the law of inertia (Newton's first law of motion) is valid.
- Inferior Mirage
- Mirage in which the inverted image is below the normal one.
- Infinite
- Becoming large beyond bound.
- Infinite Impulse Response Filter
- A commonly used type of digital filter. This recursive structure accepts as inputs
digitized samples of the audio signal, and then each output point is computed on
the basis of a weighted sum of past output (feedback) terms, as well as past input
values.
- Infinitesimal
- A variable that approaches zero as a limit.
- Inflection
- A point of inflection of a plane curve is a point where the curve has a stationary tangent, at which the tangent is changing from rotating in one direction to rotating in the oppostie direction.
- Infra-Red Radiation
- The region of the electromagnetic spectrum adjacent to that of visible light
- Infrasound
- Acoustic waves below 20Hz are normally inaudible.
- Ingot
- A steel casting that is cast into a mould which when solidified will be rolled in a blooming mill to plates and slabs for sheets.
- Inhale
- To take into the lungs by breathing.
- Inherited Error
- The error in initial values used in a computation; especially the error introduced from the previous steps in a step-by-step integration.
- inHg
- Abbreviation for inches of mercury, the old imperial measure of pressure when measured using a mercury barometer.
- Initial Side
- The side that the measurement of an angle starts from.
- Initial Time-Delay Gap
- The time gap between the arrival of the direct sound and the first sound reflected form the surfaces of the room.
- Initiator
- A compound required to start a chain reaction.
- Injection Moulding
- A manufacturing process in which molten plastic is injected at high pressure into a mould.
- Inner Dead Centre
- Also known as top dead centre.
- Inner Ear
- The inner ear is a labyrinth of twisting fluid-filled passages associated with hearing and balance.
- Inner Product
- The inner or dot product of two vectors is obtained by adding the products of the respective components of the vectors.
- Inscribed Angle
- The angle formed by two chords of a curve that meet at the same point on the curve.
- Insertion Loss
- This may be applied to a silencer or other sound-reducing element, in a specified frequency band, the decrease in sound power level, measured at the location of the receiver, when a sound insulator or a sound attenuator is inserted in the transmission path between the source and the receiver.
- Inside Caliper
- An instrument used to measure the inside dimension of an object.
- Instant Glue
- More formally known as Cyanoacrylate.
- Instantaneous Speed
- The limiting value of the average speed as the time interval becomes infinitesimally small.
- Institution of Electrical Engineers
- The IEE is an innovative international organisation for electronics, electrical, manufacturing and IT professionals, with specifically tailored products, services and qualifications to meet the needs of today′s technology industry.
- Institutions
- Lists all Institutions topics in the Encyclopaedia
- Institutions Weblinks
- Lists all Institutions Weblinks in the Encyclopaedia
- Instruction
- A binary code number that directs the control unit of a computer to perform a certain operation.
- Instruction Set
- The collection of the instruction codes recognized by the control unit of a
computer.
- Instrumentation
- Lists all Instrumentation topics in the Encyclopaedia
- Instrumentation Books
- Lists all Instrumentation Books in the Encyclopaedia
- Instrumentation Weblinks
- Lists all Instrumentation Weblinks in the Encyclopaedia
- Insulator
- A material that does not allow the passage of electric charge or is a poor conductor of thermal energy.
- Integer
- A whole number.
- Integrated Circuit
- First proposed by G. W. A. Dunner in 1952.
- Integration
- The inverse of differentiation. Mathematical process used in calculus.
- Intensity of Magnetism
- This is the magnetic moment per unit volume of a magnet.
- Intensity Stereo
- A method of exploiting stereo irrelevance or redundancy in stereophonic audio programmes.
- Intensive Properties
- Properties which are independent of the amount of the substance.
- Interaural Cross-Correlation Coefficient
- The measure of the difference in the sounds arriving at the two ears of a listener.
- Interaural Fluctuation Strength
- Phase differences between ears lead to an inferred source location. If this location changes as a function of time this may be inferred as a signal instability.
- Interaural Level Difference
- In binaural hearing the interaural level difference has an impact on lateralization throughout the frequency spectrum.
- Interaural Phase Difference
- Coincident with the interaural time delay, varies systematically with source azimuth and wavelength due to distance from source and refraction around the head.
- Interface
- A boundary across which two systems communicate.
- Interference
- The combining of two or more signals results in an interaction called
interference.
- Interglacials
- The warm periods between ice age glaciations.
- Interior of a Circle
- The set of points whose distance from the center of the circle is less than that of the radius.
- Intermediate Species
- Species formed in a reaction consisting of more than one step.
- Intermetallic
- A compound of two metals that has a distinct chemical formula. The bonds in intermetallic compounds are often partly ionic.
- Intermolecular Forces
- Forces between molecules.
- Internal Combustion Engine
- Any engine, either reciprocating or rotary, in which the fuel is consumed in the interior of the engine rather than outside of the engine.
- Internal Energy
- A property of a system that can be changed by a flow of work, heat or both.
- Internal Force
- Forces which hold an object together when external forces or other loads are applied.
- International Organization for Standardization
- An international body that produces world wide industrial standards.
- International Phonetic Alphabet
- A system of words identifying the letters of the alphabet and numbers. The system was reached through international agreement, and uses words chosen for their ease of pronunciation by people of all language backgrounds.
- International System of Units
- The international system of units is based on the seven basic units: Mass, Length, Time, Electric current, Temperature, Amount of substance and Luminous intensity.
- Interrupted Quenching
- Quenching in which the metal object being quenched is removed from the quenching medium while the object is at a temperature substantially higher than that of the quenching medium.
- Interrupts
- An efficient method to quickly request a computer′s attention to a particular external event.
- Intersecting Planes
- Planes that share a line.
- Interstitial Site
- Octahedral and tetrahedral open spaces within a close-packed arrangement of atoms or ions in which a cation can fit.
- Intramolecular Forces
- Forces within molecules. Forces caused by the attraction and repulsion of charged particles.
- Intrinsic Carrier Density
- The density of electrons and holes in an intrinsic semiconductor.
- Intrinsic Semiconductor
- A semiconductor free of defects or impurities.
- Invar
- An alloy of iron and nickel.
- Invariant Point
- A point on a binary phase diagram at which three phases are in equilibrium.
- Inventor
- A person who thinks up new ideas or processes.
- Inverse of a Matrix
- The matrix B is an inverse for the matrix A if AB = BA = I.
- Inverse Proportionality
- A relationship in which a quantity is related to the reciprocal of a second quantity.
- Inverse Square
- A relationship in which a quantity is related to the reciprocal of the square of a second quantity.
- Inversion
- Referring to something being upside down.
- Inverter
- A circuit in both analogue and digital systems that provides an output that is inverse to the input. Also a circuit that converts DC to AC.
- Invertible Matrix
- A matrix is invertible if it has an inverse.
- Investment Casting
- Also known as lost wax and precision casting, it is based on the use of a mould that is only used once.
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