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Ca- Ca
- Calcium is one of the most abundant metal elements on Earth (41000 ppm).
- Cable Length
- Originally the length of a ship′s anchor cable, 120 fathoms.
- CaC2
- Chemical formula for Calcium Carbide.
- Cache
- Static random access memory containing recently used information.
- CaCl2
- Chemical formula for Calcium Chloride
- CaCO3
- Chemical formula for Calcium Carbonate.
- CAD
- Abbreviation of Computer Aided Design.
- Cadmium
- A white metallic element.
- Cadmium Oxide
- Commonly used in glasses, plastics, ceramics and porcelain enamels as a coloring agent for reds, oranges, and yellows.
- Cadmium Sulphate
CdSO4 Colourless, odourless crystals that are freely soluble. - Cadmium Sulphide
CdS Found as the mineral greenockite, it is used together with selenium to produce strong reds and yellows. - CAE
- Abbreviation of Computer Aided Engineering.
- Caesium
- A soft metal which is often liquid at room temperature due to its relatively low melting point (28.5°C).
- Caesium Bromide
CsBr White crystalline solid. - Caesium Chloride
CsCl White crystalline solid. - Caesium Fluoride
CsF White crystalline solid. - Caesium Hydride
CsH White crystalline solid. - Caesium Iodide
CsI White crystalline solid. - Caesium Oxide
Cs2O Yellow to orange crystalline solid. - Caesium Peroxide
Cs2O2 Yellow crystalline solid. - Caesium Sulphide
Cs2S White to pale yellow crystalline solid. - Caesium Superoxide
CsO2 Yellow to orange crystalline solid. - Caffeine
- A substance found in tea, coffee, and cola that acts as a stimulant. It is extremely soluble in supercritical fluid carbon dioxide and somewhat soluble in water; aqueous solutions of caffeine quickly break down.
- Cage
- The bearing cage is a device used to seperate the rolling elements of a bearing.
- Cage Pocket
- A section of a bearing cage that retains the ball.
- cal
- An abbreviation of calorie, a unit of energy in the British system of units.
- Calamine Brass
- Brass produced by a particular alloying technique using calamine (a zinc ore) rather than metallic zinc.
- Calcination
- A high-temperature reaction whereby one solid material dissociates to form a gas and another solid.
- Calcium
- One of the most abundant metal elements on Earth (41000 ppm).
- Calcium Carbide
CaC2 Usually formed by fusing lime and hard coal in a furnace. - Calcium Carbonate
CaCO3 A white insoluble solid, occuring naturally as chalk, limestone, marble and calcite. - Calcium Chloride
CaCl2 Absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and is used for drying gases. - Calcium Hypochlorite
CaCl(OCl) More commonly known as bleaching powder. - Calcium Oxide
CaO Also know as Quicklime. - Calcium Sulphate
CaSO4 Used to make plaster of paris and plaster. - Calculations
- Lists all the Calculations in the Encyclopaedia
- Calendar Year
- 1 calendar year = 31.536x106 seconds
- Caliban Puzzle
- A logic puzzle in which one is asked to infer one or more facts from a set of given facts.
- Calibration
- When recording or analysing any signal it is necessary to calibrate the system with a known signal.
- Californium
- A man-made element with an atomic number of 98.
- Caliper
- A measuring instrument used to measure the distance between two points or the inside or outside dimensions of an object.
- Calomel
- Another name for Mercury I Chloride.
- Caloric
- A postulated elastic fluid associated with heat.
- Calorie
- A unit of energy in the British system of units. Still used to define the amount of energy amount of energy contained in foods.
- Calorimeter
- An insulated vessel for measuring the amount of heat absorbed or released by a chemical or physical change.
- Calorimetry
- The science of measuring heat flow.
- Calutron
- A device that separates isotopes by ionizing the sample.
- Cam
- A device for converting regular rotary motion to irregular rotary or reciprocating motion.
- Cam Follower
- That part of the push rod that is in contact with the cam.
- Camera
- An instrument for taking photographs consisting of a lightproof box, shutter, adjustable aperture and a lens through which an image is focussed on a light sensitive film or sensor.
- Camera Obscura
- A room with a small hole in one wall used by artists to produce images.
- Campanile
- A bell tower usually not actually attached to a church; also, lofty towers that form parts of buildings.
- Campbell Diagram
- A mathematically constructed diagram used to check for coincidence of vibration sources with natural resonances.
- Camshaft
- The shaft which carries the various cams required for the operation of inlet, exhaust, fuel, and starting-air valves.
- Canal
- An artificial channel of water used by boats and originally designed for the transportation of goods.
- Canard
- A horizontal pitch control surface on an aircraft that is forward of the main wing.
- Candela
- The SI unit of luminous intensity.
- Canonical Form
- In a mathematical context this term is taken to mean a generic or basic representation.
- Cantilever
- A horizontal projection, such as a balcony or beam, supported at one end only.
- Cantilever Beam
- A beam that is held in an encastre at one end whilst the other end is unsupported.
- CaO
- Chemical formula for Calcium Oxide.
- Capacitance
- The capacitance is defined as the total electric charge on a body divided by its potential.
- Capacitor
- An electrical component that passes alternating currents but blocks direct currents.
- Capacitor Microphone
- Microphone whose operation depends on variations in capacitance caused by varying air pressure on the movable plate of a capacitor.
- Capacity
- The maximum amount that can be obtained.
- Caphead Bolt
- Fastened with a hexagonal Allen key.
- Capillary Action
- A phenomenon whereby the narrower the tube the higher the liquid will climb above it's normal bulk level in the container.
- Car
- A more common name for an automobile.
- Carat Gold
- Measure of parts of gold per 24 parts of an alloy and equal to 41.667 milligrams of gold per gram of alloy.
- Carat Precious Stones
- A standard measure of weight for precious stones.
- Carbide
- The old abbreviated name for calcium carbide.
- Carbohydrate
- A class of organic compounds including sugars and starches.
- Carbolic Acid
- Also known as phenol, it is used as a strong disinfectant.
- Carbon
- Occurs naturally in two allotropic forms, namely graphite and diamond.
- Carbon Bisulphide
- Alternative name for Carbon Disulphide.
- Carbon Dioxide
- A heavy, colourless gas that is the fourth most abundant constituent of dry air, comprising 0.033% of the total.
- Carbon Disulphide
- Also known as Carbon Bisulphide used as a solvent in the vulcanization of rubber.
- Carbon Hydride Nitride
- Alternative name for Hydrogen Cyanide.
- Carbon Microphone
- Microphone whose operation depends on pressure variation in carbon granules causing a change in resistance.
- Carbon Monoxide
- A colourless gas that is very poisonous as it combines with the haemoglobin in blood forming a stable compound so reducing the ability to carry oxygen.
- Carbon Tetrachloride
- Colourless liquid with a sweet smell used as a solvent.
- Carbon Tetrafluoride
- Alternative name for Tetrafluoromethane.
- Carbonado
- Carbon that has metamorphosed into its diamond phase but remains black.
- Carbonic Acid
H2CO3 A weak acid formed by carbon dioxide dissolved in water. - Carbonic Oxide
- Old name for Carbon Monoxide.
- Carbonitriding
- Introducing carbon and nitrogen into a solid ferrous alloy by holding above the temperature at which austenite begins to form during heating.
- Carbonizing Flame
- An oxyacetylene flame in which there is an excess of acetylene.
- Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen Cycle
- In stars more massive than the sun this cycle is the primary process which converts hydrogen into helium.
- Carborundum
- More commonly known as Silicon Carbide, used extensively as a grinding compound and in abrasive wheels.
- Carboxamide
NH2CONH2 More commonly known as Urea, the main nitrogenous excretion of most animals. It has the distinction of being the first organic compound to have been made in a laboratory (1828). Urea is used in the manufacture of ammonia and carbon dioxide. - Carboxylic Acid
- A compound with molecules containing a carboxylic acid group -COOH.
- Carboy
- A very large bottle.
- Carburetted Hydrogen
- Old name for Methane.
- Carburizing
- Introducing carbon into a solid ferrous alloy.
- Carcinogens
- Substances known to cause cancer.
- Cardboard
- A stiff form of paper most commonly used to manufacture packaging.
- Cardinal Points
- North, South, East and West are known as the Cardinal Points.
- Carnivore
- An animal that eats only meat.
- Carnot's theorems
- No engine can be more efficient than a reversible engine working between the same limits of temperature. All reversible engines working between the same two limits of temperature have the same efficiency.
- Carotene
- Carotene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon pigment found in many plants. Carotene is the basic building block of vitamin A.
- Carpenters Brace
- A hand tool used to drill holes, usually in wood.
- Carriage Bolt
- A small rounded head with a square section under the head designed to stop the bolt rotating.
- Carrier Particle
- A fundamental boson associated with quantum excitations of the force field corresponding to some interaction.
- Carrier Suppression
- The degree to which the carrier signal is reduced in amplitude in a modulator or mixer.
- Carrington Longitude
- A system of fixed longitudes rotating with the sun.
- Cartesian Coordinates
- Coordinates where the position of a point is described by the distance it is from 2 lines in 2 dimensional space or from 3 planes in 3 dimensional space.
- Cartridge Brass
- A brass made with 75.5% copper and 24.5% zinc.
- Cascamite
- A waterproof resin based glue.
- Case
- In a ferrous alloy, the outer portion that has been made harder than the inner portion.
- Case Hardening
- Hardening a ferrous alloy so that the outer portion, or case, is made substantially harder than the inner portion, or core.
- Casimir Effect
- A quantum mechanical effect, where two very large plates placed close to each other will experience an attractive force, in the absence of other forces.
- CaSO4
- Chemical formula for Calcium Sulphate.
- Cassegrain Telescope
- Two-mirror reflecting telescope.
- Cassiterite
- Dark coloured mineral that is an important ore of Tin.
- Cast Iron
- An alloy of iron and carbon (2.5%). Distinguished from steel by large amounts of graphite.
- Castigated Nut
- A nut with grooves cut entirely across the top face.
- Casting
- A generic term referring to a process where a fluid material is made to flow into a shaped mold cavity where it solidifies.
- Cataclysmic Variable
- A binary star system containing a white dwarf that exhibits sudden outbursts of energy.
- Catadioptric
- An optical system containing both reflective and refractive elements.
- Catalans Constant
- = 0.915965594177219015
- Catalyst
- Substance that speeds up a chemical process without actually changing the
products of reaction.
- Catalytic Cracking
- The use of a catalyst to break down the molecules of the high boiling temperature fractions of crude oil.
- Catenary
- A chain suspended from two points forms this curve.
- Cathode
- Electrode where electrons are gained (reduction) in redox reactions.
- Cathode Ray
- An electron emitted from the negative electrode in an evacuated tube.
- Cathode Ray Tube
- An evacuated tube containing an anode and a cathode that generates cathode rays when operated at a high voltage.
- Cathodic Protection
- A means of corrosion prevention.
- Cations
- Ion with a positive charge.
- Cauchy Window
- A weighting that is applied in the time domain to reduce leakage within a Fourier Transform analysis.
- Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality
- The dot product of two vectors cannot be greater in magnitude than the product of the magnitudes of the vectors.
- Causality Principle
- The principle that cause must always preceed effect. More formally, if an event A ("the cause") somehow influences an event B ("the effect") which occurs later in time, then event B cannot in turn have an influence on event A.
- Caustic Potash
- Old fashioned name for Potassium Hydroxide.
- Caustic Soda
- Alternative name for Sodium Hydroxide.
- Cavendish, Henry
- English physicist and chemist, discovered hydrogen.
- Cavitation
- A condition which can occur in liquid handling machinery where a system pressure decrease in the suction line and pump inlet lowers fluid pressure and vaporization occurs.
- Cavity Acoustics
- The acoustics associated with enclosed volumes.
- Cawk
- Old name for Barium Sulphate.
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