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Nickel Nickel is a silver-white metal which occurs mainly in the sulphide and arsenic ores. It is extracted by roasting to NiO and then reducing using carbon. Pure nickel is manufactured by the Mond process, in which impure nickel is reacted with carbon monoxide (CO) to produce Ni(CO)4, which is then decomposed at 200°C to yield 99.99% Ni. Pure nickel is malleable and ductile, and is resistant to corrosion in air or water, and hence is used as a protective coating. It is readily soluble in dilute acids, but is unaffected by alkalis.
As an alloying element it increases the strength, toughness, and wear and corrosion resistance of steels. Applications for nickel include its use as a constituent of various alloy types; for example, Nichrome (an alloy used for resistance heating elements), Monel (corrosion resistant material), Permalloy (an alloy with high magnetic permeability at low field strength and low hysteresis loss), stainless steel, cupro-nickel, nickel silver, etc. It is also used in coinage, as a protective coating and within food and chemical handling plants. Nickel is classed as a carcinogen and is also an allergen to some individuals. It is found in many dietary constituents and, as such, is difficult to avoid. Named by the copper miners of Westphalia the 'kupfer-nickel' or false copper.
- Symbol
- Ni
- Discovered
- Axel-Fredrik Cronstedt in 1751 in Stockholm, Sweden.
- Abundance
- 80 ppm in the earth’s crust.
Click on an item to paste into clipboard or use clipboard symbol at end to clipboard all values | Atomic number | 28 | | Clip | | Atomic / Molecular Weight | 58.69 | gmol-1 | Clip | | Density | 8907 | kgm-3 | Clip | | Crystal Structure | fcc | | Clip | | Lattice constant | 352 | fm | Clip | | Melting Point | 1728 | K | Clip | | Boiling Point | 3173 | K | Clip | | Youngs modulus | 210000000000 | Nm-2 | Clip | | Poissons ratio | 0.31 | | Clip | | Linear expansivity | 0.0000134 | K-1 | Clip | | Specific heat capacity | 439 | Jkg-1K-1 | Clip | | Thermal conductivity | 59 to 94 | Wm-1K-1 | Clip | | Acoustic wave velocity (longitudinal bulk waves) | 5608 to 5814 | ms-1 | Clip | | Acoustic wave velocity (Irrotational waves) | 4787 to 4974 | ms-1 | Clip | | Acoustic wave velocity (Shear waves) | 2929 to 3078 | ms-1 | Clip | | Acoustic wave velocity (Rayleigh waves) | 2722 to 2857 | ms-1 | Clip | | Bulk Modulus of Rigidity | 177.3e9 (soft) 187.6e9 (hard) | Nm-2 | Clip | | Electromotive Series | 0.25 | V | Clip | | Curie Temperature | 629 | K | Clip |
 paste all data into clipboard See also: Nickel Silver, Nonferrous, Periodic Table.
  
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