Gallium

One of four metals which can be liquid at room temperature, gallium has the longest liquid range of any metal (2175 °C). Below its melting point, it is a soft, silvery white metal which is stable in both air and water. Extraction of the element is achieved by electrolytic reduction in aqueous solution. Gallium is used in the semiconductor industry due to its semiconductor properties of alloys formed with phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. It is also used in the manufacture of light emitting diodes and microwave equipment.

Symbol

Ga

Discovered

1875 by P.E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran in Paris, France.

Abundance

It is only found as a minor constituent of various minerals and has an abundance of 18 ppm in the earth’s crust.

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Atomic number	31		Clip
Atomic / Molecular Weight	69.723	gmol-1	Clip
Density	5905	kgm-3	Clip
Crystal Structure	fcc or ortho		Clip
Lattice constant	452	fm	Clip
Melting Point	302.96	K	Clip
Boiling Point	2473	K	Clip
Specific heat capacity	381	Jkg-1K-1	Clip
Thermal conductivity	41	Wm-1K-1	Clip
Electromotive Series	0.5	V	Clip

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See also: Gallium II Selenide, Gallium II Telluride, Gallium III Bromide, Gallium III Chloride, Gallium III Fluoride, Gallium III Hydroxide, Gallium III Iodide, Gallium III Oxide, Gallium III Selenide, Gallium III Telluride, Gallium Nitride, Gallium Phosphide, Indium Gallium Aluminium Nitride, Indium Gallium Arsenide, Indium Gallium Nitride, Indium Gallium Phosphide, Periodic Table.