Electrochemistry Topics
- Absorbed Glass Mat Battery
- A type of lead acid battery where the electrolyte is absorbed in a matrix of glass fibres holding the electrolyte next to the lead plates.
- Alkaline Battery
- A storage battery which uses an alkaline electrolyte.
- Anode
- The electrode where electrons are lost (oxidized) in redox reactions.
- Anode Effect
- A condition in an electrolytic cell that produces an abrupt increase in cell voltage and a decrease in current flow.
- Anode Mud
- The insoluble residue that derives from the anodic dissolution of an impure metal such as copper during electrorefining.
- Anode Slime
- Another name for Anode Mud.
- Anodic Metal
- Any metal that tends to dissolve, corrode, or oxidize in preference to another metal when the metals are connected electrically in the presence of an electrolyte.
- Anodic Protection
- A technique to reduce the corrosion rate of a metal by polarizing it into its passive region, where dissolution rates are low.
- Anodic Reaction
- Electrode reaction equivalent to a transfer of positive charge from the electronic to the ionic conductor; an anodic reaction is an oxidation process.
- Anodize
- To coat a metal with a protective film by electrolysis.
- Anolyte
- The electrolyte on the anode side of an electrochemical cell that is divided into compartments.
- Aqueous Battery
- A battery based on an electrolyte dissolved in water.
- Auxiliary Electrode
- Another name for a Counter Electrode.
- Barrier Film
- A thin, continuous, non-porous, electrically insulating film on metal surfaces that is usually comprised of oxides.
- Battery
- A device for converting chemical energy into electrical energy.
- Battery Abuse Testing
- A series of tests to establish that the battery is not a danger to the user or to itself under any conceivable conditions of use or abuse.
- Battery Acid
- A solution of approximately 6M sulfuric acid used in the lead storage battery.
- Battery Capacity
- The amount of energy available from a battery. Battery capacity is expressed in ampere-hours.
- Battery Charger
- A device capable of supplying electrical energy to a battery.
- Battery Cycle Life
- How many charge/discharge cycles the battery can endure before it loses its ability to hold a useful charge.
- Battery Discharge Rate
- The maximum rate at which a battery may discharged and charged is normally expressed as a fraction or multiplier of the battery capacity.
- Battery Efficiency
- This the energy out of a battery during discharge divided by the energy in during charging.
- Battery Testing
- The measurement of single or multiple battery cells under given test criteria to determine their operational parameters.
- Bioelectrochemistry
- Electrochemistry of biological systems and biological compounds.
- Bipolar Battery
- Design in which the component cells are connected through plates which each, in turn, act as the current-collector for the positive electrode in one cell and for the negative in the adjacent cell.
- Bipolar Lead Acid Battery
- Design in which the cells are connected through the plates which each, in turn, act as the current-collector for the positive electrode in one cell and for the negative in the adjacent cell.
- Calomel Electrode
- A commonly used reference electrode.
- Capacitive Current
- The current flowing through an electrochemical cell that is charging/discharging the electrical double layer capacitance.
- Cataphoresis
- Another name for Electrophoresis.
- Catholyte
- The electrolyte on the cathode side of an electrochemical cell that is divided into compartments.
- Caustic
- A substance that causes corrosion.
- Cell Reaction
- The overall chemical reaction occurring in the electrochemical cell. It is the sum of the two electrode reactions.
- Cell Voltage
- The electrical potential difference between the two electrodes of an electrochemical cell.
- Cementation
- The process of spontaneous reduction of the ions of a metal by another metal above it in the electromotive series.
- Charge Carrier
- The particle carrying the electrical charge during the flow of electrical current.
- Charge Density
- Charge referred to the unit area of the electrode.
- Charge Rate
- The current applied to a rechargeable battery to restore its capacity.
- Charge Transfer Resistance
- A characteristic quantity for an electrode reaction indicative of its inherent speed. A large charge-transfer resistance indicates a slow reaction.
- Charge Transport
- The phenomenon of movement of electrical charge from one part of the system to another, occurring through electromigration.
- Chronoamperometry
- An electrochemical measuring technique used for electrochemical analysis or for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions.
- Chronocoulometry
- An electrochemical measuring technique used for electrochemical analysis or for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions.
- Chronopotentiometry
- An electrochemical measuring technique used for electrochemical analysis or for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions.
- Clark Electrode
- An amperometric sensor assembly used for the measurement of dissolved oxygen concentration in water or aqueous solutions.
- Coin Cell
- A miniature non-rechargeable battery, in the shape and size of a small coin used to power small electronic devices.
- Combination Electrode
- An assembly that combines an ion-selective electrode and a reference electrode in one physical structure.
- Conducting Polymer
- A polymeric material having electronic conductivity.
- Conductometry
- An electroanalytical technique based upon the measurement of the conductivity an electrolyte solution.
- Corrosion
- Deteriorative loss of a metal as a result of dissolution environmental reactions.
- Corrosion Current Density
- The current flowing in a corrosion "local" cell.
- Corrosion Potential
- The electrode potential of a corroding metal.
- Coulometer
- Instrument used for the measurement of electrical charge.
- Coulometry
- An electroanalytical technique based upon the measurement of the amount of electrical charge passed through the working electrode of an electrochemical cell.
- Coulostatic Technique
- Technique for electrochemical analysis or for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions based on the control of the amount of charge flowing through the system.
- Coulter Counter
- Instrument used to count the number of small particles in a given volume of a suspension by monitoring decreases in electrical conductivity through a small orifice caused by the particles passing through the orifice.
- Counter Electrode
- An electrode in a three-electrode cell that is used only to make an electrical connection to the electrolyte so that a current can be applied to the working electrode.
- Counterion
- The mobile ion in ion exchange.
- Dezincification
- Corrosive removal of zinc from a brass surface, leaving rough copper.
- Edison Battery
- The Nickel Iron Battery was invented by Thomas Edison in 1901.
- Electrical Insulation
- A material used to prevent the leakage of electricity from a conductor and to provide mechanical spacing or support as protection against accidental contact with the conductor.
- Electrochemical Cell
- A device that uses a redox reaction to produce electricity, or a device that uses electricity to drive a redox reaction in the desired direction.
- Electrochemical Energy Storage
- The storage of energy in a system such as a battery.
- Electrochemical Gradient
- The sum of the gradients of concentration and of electric charge of an ion across a membrane.
- Electrochemical Potential
- The energy required to maintain a separation of charge and of concentration across a membrane.
- Electrochemistry Calculations
- Lists all Electrochemistry Calculations in the Encyclopaedia
- Electrochemistry Conversions
- Lists all Electrochemistry Conversions in the Encyclopaedia
- Electrochemistry Weblinks
- Lists all Electrochemistry Weblinks in the Encyclopaedia
- Electrolysis
- Changing the chemical structure of a compound using electrical energy.
- Electrolyte
- A substance that dissociates fully or partially into ions when dissolved in a solvent, producing a solution that conducts electricity.
- Electrolytic cell
- A cell that uses electrical energy to produce a chemical change that would otherwise not occur spontaneously.
- Electrophysiology
- The study of the electrical properties of living tissue.
- Electropolishing
- A process that produces a bright, shiny surface on a metal using an electrolytic cell under conditions that projections on the surface are dissolved faster than the smoother areas.
- Electroseparation
- A process that uses electrolysis to selectively remove a constituent from solution.
- Electroviscosity
- The phenomenon of a change in viscosity due to the presence of charge on particles suspended in a solvent.
- Faraday Constant
- F = 9.648456x104 Cmol-1
- Faraday′s Laws of Electrolysis
- Fundamental laws of electrochemistry discovered by Faraday.
- Faradic Current
- The current that is flowing through an electrochemical cell and is causing, or caused by, chemical reactions occurring at the electrode surfaces.
- Flow Battery
- A battery system in which the active materials of one or both electrode polarities are stored externally and pumped to the battery during operation.
- Galvanic Series
- This determines the nobility of metals and semi-metals and ranks them, note that this rank is dependent on the electrolyte that the metal is submerged in.
- Galvanoplasty
- An archaic name for Electroforming.
- Galvanostat
- An electronic instrument that controls the current through an electrochemical cell at a preset value, as long as the needed cell voltage and current do not exceed the compliance limits of the galvanostat.
- Galvanostatic Technique
- An electrochemical measuring technique for electrochemical analysis or for the determination of the kinetics and mechanism of electrode reactions based on the control of the current flowing through the system.
- Geometric Electrode Area
- The surface area of an electrode calculated from its geometrical dimensions.
- Indifferent Electrolyte
- Another name for Supporting Electrolyte.
- Inert Electrolyte
- Another name for Supporting Electrolyte.
- Ionic Conductor
- A material that conducts electricity with ions as charge carriers.
- Ionic Current
- Electrical current with ions as charge carriers.
- Ionic Liquid
- A liquid containing mostly ions, a molten salt in which the molecules are fully dissociated.
- Ionic Mobility
- A quantitative measure of the ability of an ion to move under the influence of a potential difference in solution.
- Iron Air Battery
- Uses electrodes made of iron and carbon.
- Irreversible Electrode
- An electrode with an irreversible electrode reaction.
- Lead Acid Battery
- A battery with electrodes of lead oxide and metallic lead that are separated by an electrolyte of sulphuric acid.
- Lithium Ion Battery
- Lithium ions are added to a carbon electrode instead of using metallic lithium as the anode.
- Lithium Iron Sulphide Battery
- Lithium alloy anode and an iron sulphide cathode suspended in an electrolyte molten salt solution.
- Lithium Polymer Battery
- The battery has a lithium anode that is separated from the cathode by a thin polymer electrolyte.
- Nickel Cadmium Battery
- The battery has a nickel-hydroxide cathode, a cadmium anode, and aqueous potassium hydroxide electrolyte.
- Nickel Iron Battery
- Cathodes of nickel-oxide and anodes of iron in a potassium hydroxide solution.
- Nickel Metal Hydride Battery
- The battery has a nickel-hydroxide cathode, a metal hydride anode, and aqueous potassium hydroxide electrolyte.
- Nickel Zinc Battery
- Nickel oxide cathode and a zinc anode in a small amount of potassium hydroxide electrolyte.
- Nonelectrolyte
- A substance which does not ionize in solution.
- Rechargeable Battery
- A battery in which the chemical reaction system providing the electrical current is easily chemically reversible.
- Redox Potential
- The potential of a redox electrode.
- Reference Electrode
- An electrode that has a well known and stable equilibrium electrode potential.
- Sacrificial Anode
- Coupling of a more active metal to a structure resulting in a galvanic current flow through the corroding electrolyte.
- Sealed Battery
- A battery which can be operated without regard to position.
- Silver Zinc Battery
- The cathode is a silver screen pasted with silver oxide, the anode is a porous plate of zinc, and the electrolyte is a solution of potassium hydroxide saturated with zinc hydroxide.
- Sodium Nickel Chloride Battery
- This consists of a negative liquid sodium electrode and a solid positive electrode containing nickel chloride and nickel.
- Sodium Sulphur Battery
- Uses a solid electrolyte of beta aluminium and liquid electrodes of molten sulphur and sodium.
- SOFC
- Abbreviation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
- A fuel cell that employs a solid, ionically conductive material as electrolyte.
- Spiral Wound Lead Acid Battery
- Instead of having the electrodes as flat plates, the electrodes are rolled up in a spiral.
- Standard Cell
- A non-rechargeable cell whose emf is accurately known and remains sufficiently constant.
- Standard Rate Constant of Electrode Reaction
- The rate constant of an electrode reaction at the standard electrode potential.
- State of Charge
- The amount of electrical charge in the battery, expressed as a percentage of the difference between the fully-charged and fully-discharged states.
- Strong Electrolyte
- A strong electrolyte is a solute that completely dissociates into ions in solution.
- Supporting Electrolyte
- An electrolyte added to the solution for the sole purpose to increase the solution conductivity, while the electrolyte does not take part in any reactions.
- Swamping Electrolyte
- Another name for Supporting Electrolyte.
- Taper Charging
- A charging regime delivering moderately high rate of current when the battery is at a low state of charge and tapering the charging current to lower rates as the battery is charged.
- Thermocell
- Abbreviation of Thermogalvanic Cell.
- Thermogalvanic Cell
- A galvanic cell consisting of two identical half cells that are kept at different temperatures.
- Three Electrode Cell
- An electrochemical cell containing a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode.
- True Electrode Area
- The surface area of an electrode taking into consideration the surface roughness.
- Two Electrode Cell
- A classical electrochemical cell containing two electrodes.
- Under Potential Deposition
- The electrodeposition of a metal on a foreign metal at potentials less negative than the equilibrium potential of the deposition reaction.
- Water Electrolysis
- Process for the electrochemical decomposition of water in a divided electrolytic cell by electrolysis.
- Weak Electrolyte
- A weak electrolyte is a solute that incompletely dissociates into ions in solution.
- Working Electrode
- The electrode in a three-electrode cell where the action takes place.
- Zinc Air Battery
- Uses a zinc anode, a porous carbon cathode which absorbs oxygen from the air and a base electrolyte.
- Zinc Bromide Battery
- Two oppositely charged liquids are passed through an ion-exchange membrane to produce electricity.
- Zinc-Carbon Cell
- Alternative name for a Leclanche Cell.
See also: Anode, Battery, Cathode.
Subjects: Chemistry